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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1983
  • Volume: 

    8
  • Issue: 

    -
  • Pages: 

    82-82
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    107
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2018
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    403-414
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    485
  • Downloads: 

    113
Abstract: 

Microcerotermes diversus Silvestri (Isoptera: Termitidae) is an extremely destructive structural wood pest in Khuzestan province, Iran. One of the effective methods for subterranean termites control is the use of baiting systems that have recently evolved as an environmentally safe tactic to protect structures. In this research, several factors for the preparation of bait were evaluated involving the bait composition. In the no-choice test of bait composition, termites had the highest levels of feeding on bagasse + molasses + yeast, bagasse + molasses, bagasse + yeast, and bagasse, respectively. In the further experiment, termites had the highest levels of feeding on bait containing bagasse + molasses + yeast compared to control. Termites showed the highest levels of feeding on the bait in the stems of the cane, raw bait, cooked bait and pill-shaped bait, respectively. In the field phase, significant differences were not observed among the treatments but termites had the highest levels of feeding on the bait in the stems of the cane, pill-shaped bait, cooked bait and raw bait, respectively. Both field and laboratory conditions, indicate that the target termite has shown a greater tendency to baits in the cane. Findings of this study suggests that the design of the bait and its shape can also affect the bait’ s attraction and its acceptance by the termite. Therefore, in addition to the ingredients of the bait, its shape, size, softness and texture quality also affect the amount of bait consumption.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    178-193
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    45
  • Downloads: 

    1
Abstract: 

Nowadays use of antioxidants in the field of medicine are increasing because of health complications induced due to oxidative stress and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. In addition to traditional antioxidant supplements, selenium should be supplied to the body in sufficient amounts as it acts as an important component for endogenous antioxidant enzymes.  Since the dietary supplements for selenium can be toxic sometimes, researchers thought of using selenium nanoparticles for the same. However, the chemically synthesized selenium nanoparticles had many side effects on experimental animals, the green approach for synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using reducing/ capping/stabilizing agents of biological origin like fungi, microbes and plant extracts was investigated by many researchers. Selenium is an antioxidant element itself. Using biological agents of antioxidant nature to get nanoparticles from selenium salt, selenium nanoparticles with enhanced antioxidant properties may be generated.  The present review covers the panorama of these studies and proposes green synthesized selenium nanoparticles with enhanced antioxidant potential to be an excellent bait for the therapy for oxidative damage.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2016
  • Volume: 

    29
  • Issue: 

    1 (110)
  • Pages: 

    89-95
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    962
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Paratuberculosis caused byMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is a progressive, chronic and noncurable granulomatous enteritis. Paratuberculosis affects ruminants worldwide. The earliest reports on paratuberculosis in Iran date back to 1960’s when the disease was diagnosed in imported animals of the Abadan Oil Company’s farm. In the work presented here 13 field MAP isolates including 4 ovine and 3 caprine isolates from Isfahan, 6 bovine isolates from Zanjan and Alborz provinces plus 2 vaccinal strains of 316F and III & V were subjected to PCR-IS900, PCR-F57 for identification and also PCR-Collins for typing. In consequence, while an identical PCR protocol was successfully developed to simultaneously perform all the three experiments, the 15 tested bacteria were all shown to be MAP Type II (cattle type). In epidemiological sense, when the size of national goat, sheep and cattle herds of Iran is taken into account, circulation of MAP Type II is intriguing.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2006
  • Volume: 

    44
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    255-257
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    114
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 114

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    13
  • Issue: 

    4 (33)
  • Pages: 

    62-75
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    442
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In the first step, the myth seems to be a narrative and a story; but myths carry the way and method, thoughts and messages hidden in the margins of the narrative. The truths contained in these narratives in many ways provide a model and method based on our ancient culture for living in today's society. The dominant culture of the West in the world spreads new patterns of love and degrades the status of love to physical pleasure. This has caused a crisis of human relations in society. Therefore, the analysis of love patterns in the past culture seems necessary and inevitable. In the northwest of Iran is a region with a mountainous climate known as Mokrian and the center of Mahabad city. Mokrian Kurdistan is a very large land that is naturally a high mass that leads from the north to the city of Oshnoyeh and Lake Urmia and from the south to the city of Sanandaj and from the west to Iraq and from the east to the city of Maragheh and Tabriz. The people of Mokrian region, like other scattered ethnic groups and civilizations in Iran and the world, have their own unique culture and art. Although due to historical conditions, social spheres, etc., in the distant historical background of this civilization, we do not find a trace of visual art and written literature in the classical European and traditional Iranian way, but many unspoken and cultural components are transmitted and preserved in a traditional way. This has given rise to a special kind of oral literature. One of these cases is the expression of many principles and biological rules of these people, hidden in the heart of stories and legends, which are narrated in the form of heart-to-heart songs and are safe from the bite of history. In the oral culture of the Mokrian people, there are narrative and descriptive systems called verses. These narrations have a word that has mythological, ritual and historical aspects. The verses are narrated by Mokri singers in a cursed form only with singing and without the use of any musical instrument. The narrators of the verse are generally old people who, in their own tone, tell the audience the myths and stories they have inherited from the distant historical past. One of the most famous of them is Bait Khadijeh and Siamand, which tells a love and tragic story between two cousins. In order to study and identify the pattern of love in the ancient culture of the Mokrian people, the method of love between Khadijeh and Siamand was the main subject of this study. This mythical narrative is expressed in most Kurdish regions of the world in different ways and with small changes in the details of the narrative, with great enthusiasm, and in the contemporary period it penetrates and shows itself in other arts. The thoughts and ideas of each civilization are reflected in their works of art. This presence and reflection in music is much more colorful and impressive than other arts. This is important in Kurdish works of art, especially the verses, if these verses, which have been inherited from the distant past, are carefully examined and analyzed as paintings. Many social, cultural, economic and other issues will be revealed in the past. Love as an essential element of human life has always been the focus of researchers in all fields of humanities, but today, due to the crisis of family and social relations, it has become a fundamental necessity. The dominant culture of the West in the modern and contemporary world spreads new patterns of love and with it expands its thinking and degrades the status of love and leads to physical pleasure, and this has caused a crisis in human relations in society. Little research has been done on Kurdish traditional music. Beat and bit-reading, as an essential part of Mokrian Kurdish traditional music, have also received very little attention from researchers. For most readers, stories that analyze personal relationships are more appealing than other stories that tell only a linear narrative. That the protagonist establishes a romantic relationship with another person attracts the peak of the reader's emotions and attention. The character of the lover usually has a significant attraction for the audience and attracts his all-round opinion. The lover decides at the peak of his feelings that they will be together until the last moment of life and even death will not separate them. Bait (Khaj and Siamand) also show this. Khadijeh wants to mix her existence with Siamand like a firm lover, but such an action carries the risk of her death. Narratives in which the lover prefers death to separation speak of the belief that love goes beyond death. The story of Khadijeh and Siamand is of the kind of lovers who prefer death together to living alone. This narration has different themes, some of which are important in relation to love. The manner and manner of love relationship between Siamand and Khadijeh is the main subject of this research and its purpose is to study and identify the pattern of love in the ancient culture of the Mokrian people and present it to young people far from their ancient culture. The most important act of love is fidelity, because true love is a special and exclusive relationship between lover and beloved, a relationship that leads to complete fidelity to the beloved. In fact, loyalty is the most important indicator of love that is, not seeing a friend. Loyal people will easily withstand adversity and adhere to their love. Love in Iranian culture is a moderate love due to its cultural and religious status. The theme of love in art and literature has been more infidelity, because romantic fidelity, especially marital fidelity, is considered normal and necessary, and infidelity has been described more because it is considered unusual. The authors of this study believe that the mythology of love has given us a correct understanding and a new reading of the verse (Khaj and Siamand) in Mokrian and has clarified one of the patterns of love in this culture. This research seeks to answer the question: Does love have a specific structure in the narrative in question? Is there an example of this structure in other myths of Iran and other nations? The result showed that this structure of love in this narrative is purposefully designed and its structure is recognizable. This structure is also found in other myths of other nations. In this narration, several important themes were studied and analyzed, but the main theme of the narrative of loyalty was recognized. Khadijeh's loyalty to love and lover caused her to resist the family's decision in the first stage and even ran away from home with Siamand, and in the last stage the story reveals the culmination of self-sacrifice and loyalty. Khadijeh, when she sees that Siamand loses her gift on the way to preparing a gift for her family, throws herself from the top of the mountain with the intention of compensating for the gift, loyalty to love and the beloved, so that she can be with her lover forever. In this narration, Khadijeh has emerged as a woman as the first character of the story and has played a role as a loving human being, regardless of gender. Finally, at the end of the story, she reaches the final stage of love through sex and physical pleasure and dies until Remain faithful to your love and eventually evolves. In fact, Khadijeh's character in this story represents true love and the true meaning of loyalty. Comparing the narration of the story with other myths, it was found that the structure of the love story presented in this narrative is comparable to the structure of love presented in the myths of other nations and there is a similar example. Therefore, this structure is purposeful and has mythological originality. This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical method, collecting information using library and field resources, as well as the global information network.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2024
  • Volume: 

    13
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    122-132
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    25
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

To study the effect of baits type and three lights, green, blue, and white, on the fishing efficiency of Largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) handline fishing 11,951 samples were done from February to May 2022 in the northern coast of the Oman Sea, Remin Fishing Port. The results showed that only the season and bait had a significant effect on the weight and number of caught T. lepturus caught (P<0.05), while the type of lamp and its interactions did not have a significant effect (P>0.05). The highest CPUE was observed in the months of February and March, using Rastrelliger kanagurta as bait, green LED lamp, at a water depth of 60-110 meters, and a hook depth of 20-30 meters. The use of R.kanagurta bait compared to Sardinella gibbosa has led to a significant increase in the catch of T. lepturus (both in terms of relative frequency and weight), which is recommended to improve the efficiency of hook fishing for fishermen. Due to catch per unite effort and for efficiency of catch rate of T. lepturus in the area, it seems suitable bait, green light and suitable depth of the hook must be used.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2012
  • Volume: 

    26
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    37-43
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1353
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Microcerotermes diversus (Silvestri) is a major pest of buildings and a wide variety of crops and trees in Khouzestan province, because of consuming on materials containing cellulose. One new environmentally safe tactic for the control of subterranean termites is baiting world-wide. In laboratory bioassays, toxicity of imidacloprid bait at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 ppm, was evaluated under choice and non-choice feeding conditions. A probit analysis of the data using time instead of dosage indicated that the level of mortality and the speed of death were dependent on dose. An inverse relationship between time mortality (LT50 and LT90) and dose was observed. Total feeding inhibition was not observed in any concentration although feeding decreased with increasing of imidacloprid concentration. In choice trials, termites preferred baits over wood and filter paper. Cellulose bait impregnated with imidacloprid at a concentration of 100 ppm elicited high mortalities after 7 days in non-choice and choice trials (97% and 89%, respectively). Overall, the results indicated that imidacloprid bait is effective for controlling M. diversus and the baiting tactic may present a suitable approach for protecting structures from termite attack in Iran.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 1353

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    18
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    171-185
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    2174
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Microcerotermes diversus (Silvestri) is the most economically destructive termite in structures in Ahwaz, because the species consume on anything with cellulose. One tactic for the control of subterranean termites is the use of a slow-acting toxicant in a bait. In the laboratory assays described here, the delayed toxicity of borax (disodium tetraborate decahydrate) to M diversus was evaluated under two-choice and no-choice conditions. A probit analysis of the data using time instead of dosage indicated that the level of mortality and the speed of death were dependent on concentration. An inverse relationship between time mortality (LT50 and LT90) and concentration was observed. Althogh total filter paper consumption after exposure to a range of concentrations of borax (0.2%-2%) was significantly less than that associated with water-only exposure, but feeding inhibitory effect was not observed. These assays suggest that the concentration of 1.8% could be applicable in bait formulation. A new bait matrix synthesized with nitrogenous compounds and food additives increased the consumption rate of borax and as a consequence LT90 decreased to suitable time period (14-day span). Borax-treated bait exhibited a much lower LT50 than borax-only treatment which is necessary for increasing efficacy of baiting procedure in field conditions. Collectively, these results indicated that borax bait is effective for controlling M. diversus and baiting tactic presents a solution for protecting structures from termite attack in Ahwaz.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Journal: 

CRIMINAL LAW RESEARCH

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

    44
  • Pages: 

    233-272
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    109
  • Downloads: 

    31
Abstract: 

Bait al-Mal denotes a collection of public property at Islamic governor’s disposal that should be used for the social welfares of Muslims. In Islamic jurisprudence, Bait al-Mal is used for pursuing the goals of Islam. Inasmuch as it is for the benefits of Muslims, paying Diya (blood money) is one of the ways of spending Bait al-Mal. Thus, employing a descriptive and analytical method, the present study attempts to address the special cases in which Diya shall be paid from Bait al-Mal. Furthermore, the article will target the following questions:Who shall be responsible to pay Diya if the judge's mistake brings about death or disability?Is Aqilah (paternal kinship group of the criminal) responsible for murder?Who is responsible for paying Diya if the murderer does not have Aqilah or their Aqilah is not financially capable?If the claimant and the defendant do not have evidence, who is responsible for the victim's Diya?Who is responsible for the victim's Diya if they are killed in a crowd?Who is responsible for the victim's Diya if the murderer escapes or dies?Who is responsible for the victim's Diya if the murderer is unidentified?Who is responsible for the victim's Diya If Laqit commits the crime?Who is responsible for the victim's Diya if they are killed in fitnah (sedition)?What is the verdict if two persons confess to a murder?What is Ha’ishat and what is its decree?What is the sentence for the crimes of a blind person? Shall they be executed?What is the jurisprudential decree of defense against the lunatic’s assault?  The authors have endeavored to examine paying Diya in special cases through surveying jurisprudential documents and Hadith. For Bait al-Mal is responsible for paying Diya. Considering the review of the related literature, it should be mentioned that due to the significance of this issue, Islamic science scholars have composed research papers on its jurisprudential and legal dimensions. Nevertheless, on the contrary to other studies, the present article refrains from referring to repeated points and sets out to prompt new instances. Furthermore, it attempts to conceptualize such terms as Aqilah, Diya and Bait al-Mal, and analyze and make reference to various jurisprudential sources. In addition, another distinguishing feature of this research is not repeating the findings of other scholars, and focusing on the words of early and late jurists and emphasizing their jurisprudential approach and testifying their instances. What is more, the present study seeks to express the favorable opinion after examining and analyzing disparate narratives. Therefore, the article sets out to address the jurisprudential recognition of paying Diya from Bait al-Mal in specific cases and mentions 13 cases collected from the expressions of the jurists.In so doing, this article will target issues in which Diya shall be paid from Bait al-Mal: when the judge makes a mistake; when the murderer does not have Aqilah; when the claimant and the defendant do not have evidence; when one is killed in a crowd; when the murder and manslaughter criminal escapes; when the murderer is unidentified; when Laqit commits the crime; when one is killed in sedition defying rebels; when two persons confess to a murder; Ha’ishat (injury and murder during the fear of day and night); when one is killed in the military camp; when one commits a murder as an act defense against the lunatic’s assault; and when the murder is committed by a blind person.Although waging war against the one who has rebelled against the Imam and the Islamic ruler is mandatory, the Diya of the victim in sedition and war with rebels is the responsibility of Bait al-Mal. Furthermore, when two people have confessed to a murder, and if there is no collusion, the verdict of execution will be suspended and the Diya of the victim will be paid from Bait al-Mal. The Diya in Ha’ishat (which signifies fear that appears at night and during the day and causes injury or murder in such a way that it does not become clear who has killed or injured someone else) is the responsibility of Bait al-Mal. Blind people are not executed for their crime and Diya will be the responsibility of their Aqilah. If they do not have Aqilah, Diya is paid from their property; otherwise, the imam will pay the Diya. If one is killed in militia or a military barracks, their Diya is paid from Bait al-Mal. If a madman intends to kill a sane person and the sane person kills him in defense of his life or his own belongings, Diya will be the responsibility of  their Aqilah, and if there is no Aqilah,  Diyeh is paid from Bait al-Mal.Therefore, the purpose of producing Bait al-Mal is to safeguard the Muslims’ welfare in such a manner that according to the principle "the blood of a Muslim killed shall not be wasted", preserving the blood of Muslims and preventing it from being wasted is one of the economic objectives of Bait al-Mal.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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